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The Influence of Mental Well Being, Cognitive Ability, Personality Traits, and Emotional Intelligence on Self-Esteem Among Hearing-Impaired Students In Pakistan

2025-05-11T16:08:58+00:00

Objectives: Hearing-impaired students in Pakistan face significant educational and social challenges, often experiencing lower self-esteem due to communication barriers and societal stigma. This study examines the relationships between mental well-being (MWB), cognitive ability (CA), personality traits (PT), emotional intelligence (EI), and self-esteem (SE) among hearing-impaired students.

Methods: Data were collected from 300 students in 10 special education schools using validated survey instruments. Structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyse the relationships among the study constructs.

Results: The findings indicate that MWB, CA, and PT significantly influence SE, highlighting their crucial role in fostering psychological well-being. However, EI's moderating effect was largely non-significant, except for PT, suggesting that personality resilience enhances self-esteem when coupled with emotional intelligence. Cognitive assessments revealed higher memory scores among male students, while guardians’ hearing status did not significantly impact students’ attention performance.

Conclusions: This study shows the importance of targeted interventions to enhance MWB, cognitive skills, and personality development among hearing-impaired students. EI training is beneficial yet its impact appears limited unless combined with broader psycho-social support. Findings contribute to policy recommendations for special education, advocating for inclusive programs and psychological support for hearing-impaired students in Pakistan.

Navigating the Female agency of the Third world woman between Western interventionism and Local Patriarchal Norms in Waldman’ SA Door in the Earth

2025-05-03T17:19:44+00:00

The present study is aimed to examine the female agency of the Third world woman between the Western interventionism and local patriarchal norms of the third world woman in Waldman’ s novel A Door in the Earth . The character of Parveen is dual agent between the patriarchal dominance against woman in Afghanistan and the Western interventional structures and norms of the America against Third World and its women. Parveen was born in Afghanistan and brought up in America but later on she moves to study the plight of women in Afghanistan. The theoretical insights for the present study had been taken from Mohanty’s (1988) "Under Western Eyes", which argues "Third World woman" as a universally oppressed. The findings of the study reveal that the Third World woman is not only oppressed by the patriarchal norms of the third world but by the interventionist norms of the West as well. In this way, third world woman is doubly oppressed. By interrogating the savior narrative and the internal gendered hierarchies, the study argues that A Door in the Earth, challenges the dominant discourses of liberation and oppression and how agency can be negotiated within and beyond these structures.

Quality Education at the Undergraduate Level: Perspectives of Undergraduates

2025-05-05T17:18:31+00:00

The study investigated quality education at the undergraduate level from the perspectives of undergraduate students. The study examined whether the teachers make the goals and standards clear to the learners at the beginning of the courses, use proper assessment and teaching methods, the programs make the students independent learners, improve their generic skills, and make the learners independent. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from the undergraduate students at two public sector universities through a 36-item Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) validated by Wilson et al. (1997) with 6 dimensions, results showed that majority of the students agreed that teachers made the goals and standards clear, the program developed generic skills, teachers used proper teaching and assessment methods, and the workload was appropriate. However, a significant number of participants either disagreed or were uncertain about the dimensions. It indicates that there is further scope for improvement in all the dimensions. The study recommends that teachers further focus on sharing the course objectives and standards expected from graduates in their course. There is a need for better communication between teachers and students. Universities may review the courses to determine whether they offer an appropriate workload at the undergraduate level. The universities may arrange regular professional development programs with a focus on methods of teaching and assessment. Teachers may include presentations, case studies, problems, and critical analysis to improve the generic skills of learners.

The Triad of India’s Military Technologies and its Implications for Strategic Stability in South Asia

2024-10-03T05:57:14+00:00

This paper explores the strategic implications of India's adoption of advanced military technologies, including Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicles (MIRV), AI-enhanced surveillance systems, and sophisticated missile defense capabilities, on the stability of South Asia. As India integrates these cutting-edge technologies, the regional balance of power may be significantly altered, potentially lowering the nuclear threshold and destabilizing established crisis management mechanisms. The deployment of MIRVs, in particular, introduces a new layer of complexity to atomic deterrence, increasing the risk of miscalculations and inadvertent escalation during crises. Furthermore, the technological advancements could provoke Pakistan into an accelerated arms race, further exacerbating regional tensions. This study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive confidence-building measures (CBMs) between India and Pakistan and broader multilateral efforts to mitigate these emerging risks. The analysis draws on recent developments in India's military capabilities, emphasizing the importance of diplomatic engagement and transparent communication to prevent escalation and preserve regional stability in a rapidly evolving strategic environment.

A Semantic Analysis of Language of TV Commercial Slogans

2024-10-03T05:57:14+00:00

This paper highlights the semantics types of meanings of the slogans of TV commercials. In this paper, the researcher will discuss Semantic types of meaning by Geoffrey Leech (1981). Semantics deals with the meaning whether it is literal or non-literal. This study focuses on the semantic analysis of Pakistani TV commercials and the researcher has selected the data with very keen observation to highlight the objectives of this research paper. The researcher has limited the study only to Pakistani TV ads. The data for this study is selected year-wise from 2019- 2021. This research data highlights Emotive, Associative, Reflective, and Social meanings that are projected in a sample of the study.

Assessing Pyrolysis for Bio-diesel and Energy Generation from Diverse Municipal Solid Waste with Environmental Impact Analysis

2025-01-25T15:27:09+00:00

Conversion of municipal solid waste (MSW) to energy through the pyrolysis process is a sustainable waste management system. For the pyrolysis process, a reactor was designed and manufactured on the principles of the thermal pyrolysis process to recycle the plastics, wood and refuse-derived fuel (RDF) into biodiesel. Municipal solid waste was divided into two groups (1) Wood, RDF and a mixture of wood and RDF (2) different types of plastics. The thermal pyrolysis reactor in this study made bio-diesel from plastics, wood, and RDF. Both wood, RDF, and a combination of both, and polymers were employed. Though energy-rich, RDF produced just 4.4% bio-diesel while wood produced 15.56%. PP produced the most biodiesel at 67.8%, followed by HDPE at 54.4%, PET at 43.8%, and mixed plastics at 16.5%. Biodiesel feedstocks vary substantially in calorific value. Biodiesel from wood had 9.6 MJ/kg in the first group, but RDF had 28.05 MJ/kg, showing its energy output potential despite its lower yield. In the second group, PP had the highest calorific value at 30.42 MJ/kg, followed by HDPE at 28.09, PET at 19.86, and mixed plastics at 16.5. PP and HDPE make bio-diesel more efficiently than wood. The feedstock strongly impacts pyrolysis' environmental impact, especially CO2 emissions. Wood pyrolysis produced bio-diesel with 104.8 g of CO2 per kg, cleaner than RDF at 379.8 g. Sustainable energy generation is better with PP and HDPE than RDF since they produce less CO2. These findings suggest investigating alternative pyrolysis procedures to improve bio-diesel yield and reduce environmental impacts, particularly greenhouse gas emissions, for a more sustainable waste-to-energy conversion process.

Social Intelligence as a Predictor of Academic Success among Graduate Students Based on their Gender

2025-04-21T04:17:36+00:00

This study aimed to explore social intelligence as a predictor of academic success among graduate students with respect to gender. A quantitative research approach with survey technique method was used for data collection in the study. The main objective of the study was to explore the social intelligence as predictor of the academic success of graduate students on the basis of gender. The research question of the study was to what extent does the social intelligence is taken as predictor of the academic success of graduate students on the basis of gender? Populations of the study were all the universities of Sargodha. To select the sample, multistage sampling technique was used. First of all, from all the universities of Sargodha district one public university and one private university was selected by using random sampling technique. A stratum of 75 students were made from each faculty of both universities. Total 300 students were selected by stratified sampling i.e. 150 male students and 150 female students. For the collection of data, a questionnaire was used. Inferential statistics such as chi square test of association were used to establish the extent of association between students’ academic success and students’ social intelligence on the basis of gender. According to findings it was concluded that male and female students have equivalent level of social intelligence. On the basis of conclusion, it was recommended that universities organize various educational seminars and extracurricular activities for students such as games, debates, and group discussions so that male students may also participate.

Critical Evaluation of Male-Chauvinism will Predominantly Focus on Sylvia Plath's and Kamala Das's Poetry

2025-04-23T15:52:05+00:00

Feminism is a range of political movements, ideologies, and social movements that share common goal i.e. to define, establish, and achieve political, equal rights within marriage and to protect women from violence and sexual harassment. Male-Chauvinism is the belief that men are inherently superior over women. It is the attitude of men superiority towards women. Men are frequently considered as dominant and women are inferior not from recently but from ancient time. The feminist ideologies and the concept of Male-chauvinism also influenced the English literature. The majority of the Novels and Poetry depict the psychological sufferings of the frustrated housewives and oppressed lives of women. The poem Mushrooms represent an oppressed population most likely women who are mounting a quiet revolution, Plath speaks in the voice of one of the mushrooms that they seemingly appear overnight, growing or expanding quietly The poems have been analysed through close reading of text on the basis of male-chauvinism through the eye of feminism with selected framework Simon De Beauvoir's work The Second Sex (1952). Sylvia Plath and Kamala Das in their poems show different responses toward male- dominance. Women want to throw away oppression and get rid of male-chauvinism. Sometimes they change their identities and sometimes through their struggle show a protest against male dominancy. Mushroom and An Introduction show the same ideology. Despite the surrounding authority of men. They keep on struggling for their rights with a reflection of protest against the established system of exploitation in male dominant society, transforming into a rebellion at last.

Critical Analysis of the Poem 'Good Timber' by Douglas Malloch

2024-07-10T06:26:36+00:00

Motivation, self-sacrifice, hard work for a good life, and forbearance against difficulties are mirrored in Malloch's poem ‘Good Timber. Certainly, Inspiration, sacrifice, industriousness for a decent life, and tolerance of teething troubles are echoed in Malloch's poem ‘Good Timber’. It is the faith that decent results are followed by hard struggles. It is grounded on confidence, hopefulness, and the trust that hard work is never wasted. The study aimed to critically analyze the poem in terms of Motivation, self-sacrifice, hard work for a good life, and forbearance of difficulties. This study asks what the main message of Good Timber is for learners. The process is ordinary. The sample is Malloch's poem Good Timber. A critical discourse analysis was selected as an analysis tool. It turns out that the poem Good Timber is a declaration of the powers of hard work to things of frustration and sluggishness, almost vulnerable to negative forces-discouragement, self-defeatism, and social effects. It is also mentioned that one should not show despondency entirely. He must have persistent conviction in the power of hard work - that God grants those for which you make hard work and hard worker is the friend of God.

The Best Strategies for Meaningful Change in Life-A Gift for 2024-25: A Phenomenological Study

2024-07-10T07:06:06+00:00

An individual can become a polished gem with a good rub in this era of social isolation. Change is the only permanent thing that rules the world. All manifestations of nature go through change. The man also experienced this change from the Stone Age to the Modern Age. This paper concentrates on investigating the best strategies for meaningful change in life. These research questions were discussed; what is change in different manifestations of nature? What is a meaningful change in life? What are the best strategies for meaningful change in life? To collect data from the participants, the researcher used the qualitative design. Moustakas’ (1994) method of phenomenological data analysis which is an improved form of Van Kaam’s (1966) and Colaizzi’s (1978) methods were used for analysis of the collected data. Moustakas analytical method comprises epokhe, horizonalization, phenomenological reduction, imaginative variations, and synthesis (Katsirikou & Lin, 2017). Findings showed that the best strategies for meaningful change in life are perfect planning, setting goals, efficient use of time, an amalgamation of cognitive, physical, and spiritual powers, working toward better working relationships and environment, and making progress by keeping the product in mind. It is recommended that the best strategies be investigated to bring better change in life in 2023 and onward.

More Hilly Love Songs: Towards Theorizing Eco-Anxiety

2024-08-19T15:10:40+00:00

Eco-Anxiety has appeared in media and academia more frequently in recent years because climate change, global warming, degrading ecological systems, melting glaciers and other environmental issues are real concerns and threatening challenges in our contemporary world. These have serious impacts on mental health and overall well-being of human as well as non-human life on our planet. Eco-Anxiety describes such phenomenon along with other related terms like ecological grief, solastalgia, climate anxiety, eco-nostalgia, eco-anger and so on. In order to settle the conceptual overlapping among these terms and make the concept of Eco-Anxiety theoretically sounder and more working, this study contends to maintain that Eco-Anxiety is not simply related to the ‘future fear’ of ecological catastrophe, but it is more inclusive and comprehensive concept that relates to the fears of future, grief and mourning over current ecological concerns and sorrows of the past disasters. Thus it has the potential to describe and cover almost all related phenomenon that is otherwise put under separate headings like climate anxiety, ecological grief, solastalgia etc in previous discussions. Eco-Anxiety is a multifaceted term and has several perspectives including psychological, philosophical, physiological, moral, eco-psychological and sociological. This conceptualization of Eco-Anxiety makes it more significant as a literary theory that can be utilized for the critical reading of eco and environmental literary texts as well as war literature that also projects violence done to non-human world. Thus it will be more supportive for literary research and academia contributing to the field of Ecocriticism.

Examining Disorders in Ibsen's Hedda Gabler

2024-06-29T07:31:35+00:00

This study aims to investigate the trauma in Ibsen Hedda Gabler. It critically discusses the important aspects of trauma in Hedda Gabbler. The application of trauma theories propagated by Caruth and LaCapra is at the center of the present research. Theorists claim that literature is a means of understanding traumatic situations in the best possible manner. This study explains character behavior patterns to show how they behave differently under traumatic conditions. The present study aimed to understand the effects of trauma on a character's life. The study is qualitative, with a special focus on antagonist analyses. The data are analyzed in light of Caruth's theory (1995) on the traumatic aftershocks that characters suffer. The term PTSD is used in the current study to outline and provide a detailed explanation of a character's post-traumatic behavior. This study highlights how traumatic characters suffer from physical and psychological shock. The textual analysis technique is used to employ in this research. The findings reveal that the antagonist of the play experiences a range of post-traumatic experiences, which lead to a very tragic end.

Nuclear Deterrence in the Cyber Age: Intricacies and Prospects

2024-06-29T07:31:35+00:00

Nuclear deterrence is confronting unprecedented challenges in the contemporary era, particularly with the emergence of cyber warfare. As the world becomes increasingly dependent on digital technologies, the intersection of cyber and nuclear domains will have significant implications for global security. Nonetheless, prominent theorists, policymakers, and military strategists are attempting to reconsider its application in a post-Internet and cyber-ready world. There exists a C4ISR vulnerability to attacks on adversary command and control systems. Nuclear deterrence and cyber warfare are separate, but interrelated, challenges. Nonetheless, the cyber-nuclear link holds significant importance in modern crisis management. This paper investigates the complexities and challenges of nuclear deterrence in the cyber age, examining the evolution of cyber threats and the vulnerabilities of nuclear systems. Furthermore, it discusses the necessity for adaptable strategies to address these emerging risks. This research aims to provide a more profound comprehension of the challenges and opportunities arising from the convergence of the cyber and nuclear domains by conducting a comprehensive literature review and employing an extended nuclear deterrence theoretical framework.

India’s Strategic Tilt: Global Alliances for National Gain

2024-03-31T19:19:44+00:00

The research aims to explore India’s strategic tilt towards the great powers. How it creates an effect on its national gains. Study of this research aims to dive into India’s strategies by examining its geo-strategic location which is crucial for the global powers. By analyzing them this paper examines the motives, designs, and tactics of India to become a superpower and also the factors that are contributing to capturing the global powers' attention. This research questions what factors pitch in India's balancing act, specifically in dealing with the relations with the USA, China, and Russia. And in what ways does India’s cultural diplomacy aid in shaping the global perception of the country? The research implies a qualitative method for data collection. Narrative techniques were used for data analysis. The findings of this research will conduce to the understanding of how India strategically plays in the international arena with the great powers and what are their assumptions on it. It is recommended that India play a positive role in the peaceful existence of neighboring nations and resolve all issues with other countries peacefully.

Impact of the Teacher’s Technological Pedagogical Skills at Higher Level

2024-03-31T07:48:16+00:00

Technology has developed a complicated and necessary interaction with various sectors of society in the twenty-first century, offering multiple conceptual and practical models for incorporating technologies in teaching. (TPCK) provides chances for learners to develop critical thinking and creative potential as part of their personal growth. This research study explores teachers' perceptions regarding the Impact of the Teacher's Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPCK) on Student's Creativity skills at higher levels. 100 teachers of B. Ed (Hons) have been selected from 10 Universities in Karachi through simple random sampling. Reliability & Regression test has been run on SPSS for inferential statistics. Descriptive analysis revealed the age and gender details. This quantitative study revealed the significant relationship between teacher's Technological Pedagogical Content knowledge (TPCK) on Students' Creativity skills. It was found that technology-integrated teaching pedagogy develops students' interest, motivation, collaboration, critical thinking, social responsibility, and creativity. This study assists higher education teachers in comprehending the significance of Teacher Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPCK) on Student Creativity skills.

Weighty Matters: Exploring the Economic Ramifications of Obesity, Abdominal Bloating, and Spinal Deformities in Pakistan

2024-03-12T16:57:48+00:00

This study conducted in Pakistan from December 2020 to December 2022 addresses the rising health issues associated with abdominal bloating (AB), spinal deformities (ST), and obesity. With risk factors including improper diet, sedentary lifestyles, and abnormal posture, the research aims to provide valuable insights into the complications and diseases linked to these health concerns. The observational study involved 50 males categorized into three age groups (50-60, 61-70, 71-75), with 48 classified as obese and 2 non-obese participants. Utilizing data tabulation and GraphPad Prism 9.5.2, the study employed econometric research methods and descriptive statistics, including ANOVA variance, for parametric analysis. Results indicated a positive association between AB and health diseases, with a slight association observed with ST. Participants exhibited varying levels of ST and AB, revealing potential links between these factors. The study concludes that factors like improper diet and sedentary lifestyles increase the risk of obesity, which, in turn, may progress to AB and lead to ST, potentially causing a range of chronic health issues.

Effective Implementation of Semester System in Colleges: A Case Study of the Affiliated Colleges with the University of Malakand

2024-03-04T16:47:58+00:00

This research aimed to investigate the measures required for the effective implementation of a semester system for undergraduate education in graduate and post-graduate colleges affiliated with the University of Malakand. The study mainly focused on physical requirements (lecture rooms, laboratories, library), human resource requirements (faculty members, staff), issues in the curriculum, and major issues in the assessment system from the perspectives of teachers of public sector colleges affiliated with the University of Malakand. A mixed-method research design was used for data collection. First, qualitative data was collected, and analyzed through thematic analysis, and then a questionnaire was developed for quantitative data analysis. The findings of the study showed that there were several issues in the implementation of the semester system in the affiliated colleges. These included lengthy courses, outdated content, irrelevant content, lack of space such as classrooms, science labs, etc, need for curriculum improvement, poor assessment system, lack of training for teachers, and lack of regular monitoring from management and the university side. Based on the results it is suggested that the implementation of the semester system in the colleges needs to be reviewed and improved for the affiliated colleges and to ensure quality education.

Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea: Economic Implications for the Region

2024-03-04T16:48:11+00:00

This research paper explores the territorial disputes in the South China Sea and their economic implications for the regional countries focusing on their geo-economic and geostrategic significance. The South China Sea holds substantial importance because of the high percentage of global trade passing through it. The historical claims of Beijing on the Paracel and Spratly Islands against the UNCLOS provide a baseline of territorial disputes with ASEAN countries. For research methodology, the author relies on qualitative analysis using secondary data sources. To develop a theoretical framework for this complex issue, the author applies theories of Neo-Realism, Maritime Regional Security Complex, and Security dilemma. This paper is aimed at exploring economic implications for regional states in case of potential conflicts emerging in case of engagement among regional as well as external powers. This research has emphasized the development of a Beijing-ASEAN forum focused on establishing economic, diplomatic, and security ties for the creation of the Eastern Economic Block at a broader level.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Quad in Maritime Containment of China in the Indo-Pacific Region

2024-01-10T16:03:52+00:00

The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) comprises of likeminded countries India, Australia, US and Japan. It is a significant player in the Indo-Pacific region amidst a growing Chinese influence. This research paper assesses the effectiveness of Quad in the maritime containment of China. The paper also circulates around individual national interests that may hinder the effectiveness of Quad while also underscoring its limitations. The research was conducted using a qualitative research method. Secondary sources such as journal articles, news, and official joint statements by the alliance were consulted to formulate this paper. The alliance is subjugated to the potential impact on the future of the Indo-Pacific region. Lastly, its effectiveness is quite uncertain towards a counter balancing China and its significant implications for regional security and freedom of navigation. In terms of future prospects, the maritime security and its threats will keep on changing with evolving time.

Effectiveness of 4D/5D Scheduling in Planning for Delay Reduction in Construction Projects

2024-01-11T16:04:53+00:00

Construction projects globally are frequently plagued by chronic issues such as delays and cost overruns. This study examined the feasibility of incorporating 4D (3D + time) and 5D (3D + time + cost) scheduling methodologies in construction planning with the aim of enhancing project efficiency. This study conducted an examination of the advantages associated with increased visualisation, improved task sequencing, proactive delay detection, optimised resource allocation, and integrated cost control while utilising 4D/5D building information modelling (BIM). The implementation of 4D/5D techniques has resulted in reductions in delays ranging from 15% to 50%, as evidenced by global case studies. The present study employed a cost-benefit analysis framework to assess hypothetical projects, aiming to quantify possible savings in terms of time and money. The findings reveal a decrease of 190 days and 22.4 million PKR, respectively, in these two dimensions. The adoption of 4D/5D BIM resulted in a notable increase in stakeholder satisfaction, with ratings improving from 2.6 to 4.2 out of 5. The study's findings indicate that, despite encountering several challenges, the use of 4D/5D scheduling in the Pakistani construction sector yields notable improvements in efficiency and benefits for stakeholders. The recommendations encompass the development of standardised data, software with interoperability capabilities, training programs, and collaborative initiatives within the industry. These measures are crucial for the successful implementation of 4D/5D Building Information Modelling (BIM). Additional investigation might examine the long-term return on investment, the use of these techniques in infrastructure projects, and comparison assessments with traditional methods.

"Exploring the Impact of Online Learning on Student Academic Performance in Higher Education"

2024-01-13T16:05:42+00:00

This research investigates the impact of online learning on student engagement and academic performance in the higher education landscape. In a sample of 300 students from public sector universities in Punjab, Pakistan, the researcher examined online learning experiences, demographic factors, and academic performance. The descriptive statistics revealed moderately positive online learning experiences and moderately favorable academic performance on average, accompanied by significant variability within the sample. Correlation analysis, however, unveiled very weak and often statistically insignificant relationships between these variables, suggesting complex and non-linear dynamics at play. Consequently, we advocate for personalized support, adaptable pedagogical approaches, inclusivity, accessibility, and interdisciplinary collaboration as essential components to enhance online learning. Moreover, this study calls for continued research to unearth the intricate dynamics of online education's influence on student outcomes, driving the evolution of evidence-based practices in higher education. The study underlines the necessity for continued research into online education's complex dynamics and student outcomes. This includes studying new technology, learning analytics, and pedagogical methods to inform evidence-based practices in higher education.

‘Breaking the Glass Classroom: Unravelling Impact of Gender Discrimination and Perceived Inequities on Job Satisfaction in Educational Professions in Pakistan’

2024-04-28T16:24:49+00:00

This study examined 'Breaking the Glass Classroom: Unravelling Gender Discrimination and Perceived Inequities in Pakistani Educational Professions,' analyses of gender discrimination, perceived disparities, and work satisfaction among professors in public sector universities in Punjab, Pakistan, and captures the essence of the study. The nature of the study was descriptive. A stratified random sample technique, used in survey methodology with a quantitative approach, ensures improved external validity. The population of the study was male and female university teachers in the public sector in the district of Punjab. Credible conclusions are generated using a standardized questionnaire with predetermined scales and careful statistical analysis of the information gathered from 600 teachers. The study demonstrates a negative association between perceived disparities and job happiness, reveals subtle differences among faculties, and reveals increased gender discrimination against female professors. Although there is no statistically significant in the average level of job satisfaction, the study emphasizes its practical importance by using large effect sizes. Given that the study offers practical advice for decision-makers in government and education, there is an urgent need to promote inclusive workplaces.

A Comparative Analysis of Aspiration Errors among Postgraduate Students from Pashto and Punjabi Language Backgrounds

2024-02-23T16:34:28+00:00

This research investigates pronunciation errors in English, specifically focusing on aspiration among postgraduate students from Pashto and Punjabi backgrounds at a public university in Lahore. It aims to identify the distinct pronunciation challenges faced by these groups when learning English as a second language. Voice recordings of participants reading a selected passage from "The Dreams of Tipu Sultan" by Girish Karnad are analyzed, particularly focusing on words containing aspirated sounds, like the /t/ phonic. The study includes participants from both linguistic backgrounds to ensure diversity. Analysis reveals that Pashto speakers generally demonstrate better pronunciation proficiency with fewer errors, while Punjabi speakers struggle more with aspirated sounds, notably the /t/ phonic. These findings align with existing literature, emphasizing how the native language's phonological system influences English pronunciation. The research contributes to understanding language acquisition and suggests tailored teaching approaches for diverse student populations, emphasizing the need for customized interventions to improve English proficiency among Pashto and Punjabi speakers in multicultural academic settings.

A Study of Demonstrative Determiners in Pashto

2023-10-23T15:07:05+00:00

The existence of determiner phrases and their different manifestations in number, gender, and case have been studied and proved in English in many research studies. Many languages other than English need this investigation to establish a sound hypothesis about the universal language structure. This study was an attempt to find out the structure of the determiner phrase in the Pashto. It also investigated the equivalents of the English determiner phrase in the Pashto. It used the spoken corpus of Pashto as primary data. In addition, short stories and novels written by literary writers in the Pashto have been used as secondary data. Moreover, intensive group discussion with native speakers of Pashto has also been utilized as another secondary data source. The minimalist program was used to guide and understand the syntactic structure of languages. It was followed by the determiner phrase hypothesis. The hypothesis states that a noun is headed by its determiner in a noun phrase. Data were analyzed within the framework of the determiner phrase hypothesis. The study shows that a noun in the determiner phrase is not determined by a definite or indefinite article in Pashto. The determiner phrase is inflected for number, gender, and case in Pashto. Furthermore, the Pashto determiner phrase is different from English in terms of medial demonstrative determiners. The study is significant as it provides insight into the structure of the Pashto determiner phrase.

Gender Discrimination in Job Titles in English Language: A Corpus-Based Critical Study

2023-10-23T15:06:53+00:00

Males and females have the same rights as members of society but females are discriminated against in terms of job titles. Fairclough's three-dimensional model was used to identify, expose, and challenge the implicit ideologies behind the use of such job titles and pronouns used after these job titles. This research is a mixed method research that aims to analyze the use of male-representing, female-representing, and neutral job titles and the use of pronouns after the use of these job titles in the British National Corpus (BNC). 15 job titles were selected for the study. Only those job titles were selected for which female-representing and neutral job titles were available and that are more frequently used by the people. Sketch Engine was used to know the frequencies of these job titles. The frequencies of these job titles were compared to know what type of job titles are used more in the British National Corpus (BNC). The study showed that there is a big difference between the frequencies of male-representing and female-representing job titles and the frequency of male-specific pronouns is more than the frequency of female-specific pronouns after the use of male-oriented and female-oriented job titles and this leads to discrimination of females. It is suggested that job titles should be used appropriately so that no gender can be discriminated against.